The dominant themes of the great Norwegian Symbolist artist, and forerunner of expressionism, Edvard Munch (1863 - 1944), were those of love, angst and death. A feature of his hauntingly introspective work are his paintings depicting a Woman and a man together – images in which the former is portrayed as aloof, dominant and inaccessible, while the latter is forlorn, submissive and in a state of mental anguish. These highly-charged paintings of powerful Women and vulnerable men are among the artist's most famous and most troubling.
Man and Woman, 1898
As Munch was a conjurer of psychological disturbance and singularly committed in his art to representing emotional reality in all its rawness, we can perhaps turn to some of the pivotal events and relationships of his life to help throw light on this.
Anxiety, 1894
Edvard’s birth was a physically traumatic experience: “Why was there a curse on my cradle? From the moment of my birth, the angels of anxiety, worry, and death stood at my side, followed me out when I played, followed me in the sun of springtime and in the glories of summer”. Raised in a strict religious household, Edvard’s pietistic and unstable father was emotionally detached from him. Tragically, his mother died of tuberculosis when he was only five years old, while at fourteen, he watched his fifteen-year-old sister, Sophie, succumb to the same disease. He was also to lose his brother who died suddenly in his thirties. His sister’s death, in particular, became an obsession to which he would return again and again in his future work as an artist.
The Murderess, 1906
As a young man he had an affair with Milly Thalow, a married Woman, who tortured him emotionally by telling him about the other men in her life. She was to end the affair after two years. However, Munch's second affair with Tulla Larsen, the daughter of a Norwegian wine merchant, was perhaps the most devastating. She wanted to marry him, but he broke off the engagement. He had been shocked and frightened by the strength of Tulla’s passion. The story goes that to recapture him, Tulla had friends tell Munch she was dying. He rushed to her bedside, only to discover it was a hoax. The final episode took place in 1902 at Munch's cottage in Asgardstrand on the Oslo fjord. An accidental gunshot disfigured his left middle finger. Tulla left for Paris with friends and soon married a younger Norwegian artist, a friend of Munch. Embittered by what he regarded as Tulla’s betrayal, he portrayed her as an evil murderess.
Ashes, 1894
Munch relentlessly pursued Women up to his forties when he suffered a severe psychological episode, compounded by alcoholism and brawling, that resulted in a period of confinement in a mental health hospital in Denmark during which he received electro-convulsive treatment. Choosing to remain unmarried because of the scars of his family experiences, his relationships with Women often foundered in anxiety, a lack of attachment, mistrust, sometimes loathing, and loss. While Munch has been described by some commentators as misogynist, it is perhaps more accurate to say that his particular dilemma, shaped by his lifelong chronic anxiety, lay in the subject of Women as mystery. "Woman in her many-sidedness", he wrote, "is a mystery to man.”
Jealousy, 1895
Munch's art represents Women in the light of trauma. Seduction itself is a source of anxiety to him; in Ashes, sexual satisfaction brings only remorse, and Jealousy and Separation are expressed as terrifying and depressing events. A common image is the need to assuage or support the battered male head, which could be interpreted as a subliminal evocation of his difficult birth.
Separation, 1896
In another iconic image, Madonna, of which he painted various versions between 1893 and 1902, the Woman overtly offers her ecstatic sexuality and yet remains inaccessible. He is the hopeful but perpetually disappointed and wizened fetus in the lower left frame of the painting, while she is the Mother Goddess, a disdainful, yet powerfully seductive and desirable object. Once again, in the context of Munch’s personal neurosis, the inaccessibility of Women becomes for him an occasion for terror.
Madonna, 1895
It was only following recovery from his major psychological episode that Munch was to give up the anxiety-laden subject matter so central to his work and into which he poured his feelings, life experiences, and personal relationships; thereafter, he began painting everyday subjects with the same vigorous brushwork and expressionistic colours as before.

Love and Pain (The Vampire), 1895 - 1902